NCERT Solutions for CBSE Class 12 Chemistry 2023-24

Chemistry NCERT Class 12 includes a number of topics that offers students an in-depth knowledge of different aspects of Chemistry. To distinguish the equations and chemical formulas, solving the NCERT chemistry class 12 PDF can be handy. The solution offered by Vedantu is available in easily downloadable PDF format.

You can refer to the chemistry class 12 solutions for referring to better solutions and score good marks in board exams, as well as prepare for competitive exams.

Chemistry Class 12 NCERT Solutions Chapters

This chemistry class 12 solution comprises sixteen chapters that contain diagrams, illustrations, theoretical questions and questions related to chemical equations. Class 12 chemistry is important and requires NCERT solutions for better preparation.

Let’s Take a Look

Chemistry Class 12 Chapter 1 The Solid State  

The first chapter deals with the solid state of matter, its nature of bonding and shape. There are theoretical questions regarding the classification of solids into categories like metallic, ionic, covalent and amorphous solid. The students also have to distinguish tetrahedral void, crystal lattice, etc.

In numerical questions of class 12th chemistry, the atomic mass of silver and efficiency of packaging in a simple cubic, face-centred cubic metal crystal and body-centred cubic is to be determined. Apart from the intext questions, there are 24 additional questions as well.

Some of the topics that are included in the chapter solid states are as follows:

• Characteristics of solid-state depend on the binding force. Learn the characteristics and classification of solid states. 

• Amorphous solid. These solids are the type of solids that do not have a proper structure or form. Learn about these solids along with their key features. You have to be very thorough with this topic.

• Crystalline solids and their classification. Learn about molecular, ionic, metallic, etc. solids. You also have to learn about the features of crystalline and amorphous solids. Some of the features on which you have to focus are nature, geometry, melting points, isotopes, rigidity, etc. You must practice and learn these key features of crystalline solids. 

• Packing efficiency consists of numerical questions thus, you have to learn the concepts and formulas properly. Practice related questions and examples. You also have to learn the packing fraction and its formula. 

• Number of atoms present in a unit cell and its calculation

• Void is about the types of voids and their characteristics. Some examples are octahedral void, tetrahedral void, etc. You also have to learn about square and hexagonal packing.

• Crystal lattice. Learn all the types of crystal lattices and their calculations.

Students can also download the following additional study material for their preparation.

• Chapter 1 : Important Questions

• Chapter 1 : Revision Notes

• Chapter 1 : NCERT Exemplar Solutions

• Chapter 1 : NCERT Books

Chemistry Class 12 Chapter 2 Solutions 

This second chapter solutions include 12 intext questions which are both numerical and theoretical, dealing with the formation and properties of solutions and related laws. There are questions that require evaluating the mass of Benzene, carbon tetrachloride and molarity of solutions, which are also needed to be calculated.

Apart from this, students also answer the definition of gas, molarity, mass percentage, types of solution, etc. Students should also remember that this chapter is not only important for the Class 12 board exam but also important for the upcoming competitive exams. 

Some of the topics that are included in the chapter solutions are as follows:

• Ideal and Non-ideal Solutions - In this topic, you have to learn about the volume and heat change of mixing in ideal solutions. Study the difference between ideal and non-ideal solutions. You also have to learn the types of non-ideal solutions and their explanations. The last topic is Azeotropes and it's based on positive deviation, practice all the exercise questions.

• Types of Solutions - You have to learn about all the three types of solutions: they are solid, gaseous, and liquid. Learn a few examples for each type. Learn about both homogeneous and heterogeneous solutions. There are a few topics in this chapter that you have to be very thorough with, they are mole fraction, mass and volume percentage, solubility, parts per million, etc. There will be numerical questions from this chapter hence, you have to be thorough with the formulas. Learn the laws properly and their special cases. Learn supersaturated, unsaturated, and saturated solutions and their examples.

• Abnormal Molar Masses - In this topic, you have to learn about the Van’t Hoff factor and its formulas. 

• The concentration of solutions in solid solutions, gases, etc.

• Colligative properties

• Freezing point, boiling point, etc.

Students can also download the following additional study material for their preparation.

• Chapter 2 : Important Questions

• Chapter 2 : Revision Notes

• Chapter 2 : NCERT Exemplar Solutions

• Chapter 2 : NCERT Books

Chemistry Class 12 Chapter 3 Electrochemistry

Chapter 3 of chemistry class 12 solution covers 15 questions that help students understand the concepts of a degree of dissociation like iron rusting is equal to a setting up of an electrochemical cell. Moreover, there are additional 18 exercises where students have to find the final product of electrolysis, arrange metals in order, calculate the standard cell potential of a galvanic cell, etc. This chapter explains the relation between electricity and chemicals, it tells you how we can produce electricity through chemical reactions. The use of cells and certain batteries and their constructions. 

Some of the topics that are included in the chapter electrochemistry are as follows:

• Electric Potential- Learn how to measure the electric current in a voltaic cell. The making and working of an electrochemical cell must be learned thoroughly and you must also practice related diagrams and equations.

• How to calculate EMF of the cell

• Kohlrausch’s law and sums based on it

• Molar conductivity and sums related to it

• How to set up various cells

• Nernst equation

• Topics like oxidation, direct redox reaction, and indirect redox reactions are very important and you must learn them properly. Learn the working of an electrochemical cell.

• You also have to learn how to represent an electrochemical cell and practice all the anode and cathode reactions.

• Learn the molar and equivalent conductivity of a solution. Practice all the exercise questions and equations.

Students can also download the following additional study material for their preparation.

• Chapter 3 : Important Questions

• Chapter 3 : Revision Notes

• Chapter 3 : NCERT Exemplar Solutions

• Chapter 3 : NCERT Books

Chemistry Class 12 Chapter 4 Chemical Kinetics

Chapter 4 includes nine questions and 30 additional exercises which strengthens the fundamentals of students regarding the topic of chemical kinetics. There are questions related to the fraction of molecules, the effect of temperature on the rate constant, time of the first-order reaction, catalyst, etc. This chapter deals with the rate of a chemical reaction and the factors which are affecting it. Generally, there are three types of reactions: instantaneous, slow, and moderately slow reactions. This chapter is also important and students should be thorough with it. You can practice this chapter from the NCERT solutions Class 12 Chemistry.

Some of the topics that are included in the chapter chemical kinetics are as follows:

• Rate of Reaction - This is the first topic and it's very important. Learn the formula for the rate of reaction and its derivation. You have to also know about the rate of disappearance, and appearance. Solve numerical questions for this topic. Learn the instantaneous rate of reaction also.

• Factors affecting the Rate of Reactions - This is the second topic in this chapter, learn about all the factors that can affect the rate of reactions. Some of the factors are temperature, surface area, pressure, etc. Learn the characteristics of rate constant. 

• Half-life

• Order of Reaction - This topic is very important and you need to focus properly. There will be numerical questions on this topic. Learn the difference between the order and molecularity of a reaction. Learn about zero and first-order reactions and practice-related questions. You also have to practice the graphical method for determining the order of the reaction.

• Rate Law - This is the last topic in this chapter. Practice all the exercise questions and be thorough. The numerical questions and chemical reactions must be practised properly and you can also solve additional related questions from the NCERT solutions.

Students can also download the following additional study material for their preparation.

• Chapter 4 : Important Questions

• Chapter 4 : Revision Notes

• Chapter 4 : NCERT Exemplar Solutions

• Chapter 4 : NCERT Books

Chemistry Class 12 Chapter 5 Surface Chemistry

The fifth chapter in chemistry class 12 gives a brief idea about the chemical reaction related to solid-liquid, solid-gas and liquid-gas. There are questions regarding colloids, emulsion, catalysis reaction, reasons for a decrease in physisorption, etc. Moreover, students have to give examples of Haber’s process, heterogeneous catalysis, etc.

Some of the topics that are included in the chapter surface chemistry are as follows:

• Adsorption- This is the first topic in this chapter. You have to learn the characteristics of adsorption. Also learn the difference between adsorption and absorption. Learn the factors affecting adsorptions and their applications. There are few formulas that you must practice and learn how to implement.

• Catalysis- This is the second topic and it is very important. You must prepare this topic properly as questions will surely be asked from this. Learn the types of catalysis and their characteristics. You have to also learn what promoters and poisons are and how they are used. Enzyme catalysis is also an important topic, learn the mechanism of enzyme catalysis and its characteristics. Solve the exercise questions and examples.

• Peptization.

• Tyndall effect.

• Reversible solutions.

• Properties of colloids.

• The difference between colloids, suspension, and true solutions will also be studied and solve all the exercise questions and be thorough with this chapter as it is easier to score well if prepared properly.

Students can also download the following additional study material for their preparation.

• Chapter 5 : Important Questions

• Chapter 5 : Revision Notes

• Chapter 5 : NCERT Exemplar Solutions

• Chapter 5 : NCERT Books

Chemistry Class 12 Chapter 6 General Principle and Processes of Isolation of Elements

The sixth chapter’s solution covers metals and metallurgy related questions. Students have to answer four intext and 27 additional exercises on the concept. Details like the importance of leaching in the extraction of aluminium, the name of ores, causes of reaction, chromatography, a better reducing agent for ZnO, etc. are asked. Students also learn the process of extracting and occurrence of certain metals. Students will be able to learn the basics of the field and understand the possible growth that can happen in this field.

Some of the topics that are included in the chapter general principle and processes of isolation of elements are as follows:

• Learn about the forms in which metals are generally found. The native and combined state is the first topic and it explains how metal is found in the earth's crust. Learn about both the native and combined state and go through a few examples. Minerals and ores is also an important topic that intersects with the first topic and you have to prepare it properly. 

• Metallurgy- This is the next topic and it is one of the most important topics in this chapter. Learn the types of metallurgical processes. You also have to learn the steps involved in metallurgy. Practice the steps and try to understand and memorize the steps. Some steps include crushing of the ore, concentration of the ore, activator, collectors, etc. you must be thorough with all the steps.

• Refining Crude Metals- This topic is easy if learned properly. Learn both the chemical and physical methods involved in refining or purification of crude metals. Some of the methods are as follows: poling, electro-refining, zone-refining, liquation, distillation, etc.

• Extracting copper from copper pyrites.

• Extracting Iron from Haematite- This chapter is more theoretical and thus, you have to be very thorough with your reading and learning. Practice the exercise questions and examples. If possible, solve additional examples for a better understanding of the chapter.

Students can also download the following additional study material for their preparation.

• Chapter 6 : Important Questions

• Chapter 6 : Revision Notes

• Chapter 6 : NCERT Exemplar Solutions

• Chapter 6 : NCERT Books

Chemistry Class 12 Chapter 7 and 8 The P, D and F-Block Elements 

In p-block, students have to answer justifying elements of group 16, reaction and balancing and why diving apparatus utilise helium, how copper metal can produce different aspects, etc.

From d and f block elements questions like electronic configuration of different ions, lanthanoid contraction, inner transition elements are asked.

The p-block consists of groups 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18. Helium is not included in this group. Some of the topics that are included in the p-block elements are as follows:

Oxidation states, physical properties, and chemical properties, and general introduction are common for all the groups. The different topics for each group are as follows:

• Group-15: nitrogen preparation, properties, and its uses, preparation of ammonia and nitric acid.

• Learn the first, second, and third transition series and their properties and characteristics. You also have to learn the properties of actinides. The topic formation of a coloured compound is also an important topic and you must not avoid it. 

• Group-16: Preparation of sulphur dioxide and its properties, properties, and uses of oxoacids of Sulphur.

• Group-17: Oxoacids of halogens, interhalogen compounds, preparation of chlorine, and HCL.

• Group-18: Electronic configuration, physical and chemical properties, etc.

The other chapter d and f-block elements include the groups 3-12 and some of the topics that are included are as follows:

• Characteristics of transition metals, oxidation states, lanthanide, catalytic and magnetic properties, etc. Both these chapters are very important and hold a lot of marks. You can score well only with proper preparation and thus you have to be very focused while learning these chapters. 

Students can also download the following additional study material for their preparation.

• Chapter 7 : Important Questions

• Chapter 7 : Revision Notes

• Chapter 7 : NCERT Exemplar Solutions

• Chapter 7 : NCERT Books

• Chapter 8 : Important Questions

• Chapter 8 : Revision Notes

• Chapter 8 : NCERT Exemplar Solutions

• Chapter 8 : NCERT Books

Chemistry Class 12 Chapter 9 and 10 Coordination Compounds and Haloalkanes and Haloarenes 

This chapter includes questions based on geometrical and optical isomers and the chelate effect. From haloalkanes and haloarenes, the topic covers compounds as per the IUPAC system, structures of the compound, etc. You will also be able to learn about the stability and bonding of the coordinate compounds. Coordinate compounds are important for both the Class 12 board exam and the competitive exams. In the second chapter haloalkanes and haloarenes are derivatives of halogen. Haloalkanes are generally classified based on the number of hydrogen atoms. Preparation, properties, and applications are all discussed in this chapter and students mustn't avoid this chapter.

Topics that are included in the chapter coordinate compounds are as follows:

• Learn the terms related to the coordinate compounds. You have to learn about complexions and their types. 

• Ligands- This is the next topic and it is fairly important. Learn about the types of ligands and their examples. 

• Types of complexes- In this topic, you have to learn about all the types of complexes and their examples. Practice the IUPAC naming. In the chapter coordinate compound, you have to also learn about the types of isomerism in coordinate compounds. Practice all the exercise questions and diagrams.

• The chapter haloalkanes and haloarenes are the 10th chapters and it is one of the most important chapters in the class 12 chemistry. Learn the preparation of haloalkanes, go through the examples of haloalkanes and try to memorize them. You also have to learn the physical and chemical properties of the haloalkanes. The classification and nomenclature of the haloalkanes and haloarenes must also be studied. Practice the exercise questions along with a few examples.

• Bonding

• Werner’s theory

• VBT

• CBT

Topics that are included in the chapter haloalkanes and haloarenes are as follows:

• Nature of C-X bond

• Chemical and physical properties

Students can also download the following additional study material for their preparation.

• Chapter 9 : Important Questions

• Chapter 9 : Revision Notes

• Chapter 9 : NCERT Exemplar Solutions

• Chapter 9 : NCERT Books

• Chapter 10 : Important Questions

• Chapter 10 : Revision Notes

• Chapter 10 : NCERT Exemplar Solutions

• Chapter 10 : NCERT Books

Chemistry Class 12 Chapter 11 Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

The chapter on Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers covers questions like properties, reaction, nomenclature, IUPAC names of 12 different compounds, hydroboration oxidation, mechanism of hydration of ethene, reagents, etc.

Some of the topics included in the chapter alcohols, phenols, and Ethers are as follows:

• Preparation methods alcohols, phenols, and Ethers must be learned and practised. Learn about primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols.

• The physical and chemical properties of alcohols, phenols, and Ethers must be learned properly and practised.

• Primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols are learned. 

• Nature of phenols and ethers.

• Focus on topics such as Kolbe’s reaction, Reimer-Tiemann's reactions. Learn the reactions properly and practice the derivation of them.

• Uses of alcohols, phenols, and ethers.

• Nomenclature of alcohols, phenols, and ethers.

Students can also download the following additional study material for their preparation.

• Chapter 11 : Important Questions

• Chapter 11 : Revision Notes

• Chapter 11 : NCERT Exemplar Solutions

• Chapter 11 : NCERT Books

Chemistry Class 12 Chapter 12 Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acid

This chapter includes intext questions, exercises and two questionnaires. Questions related to structural formulas, names of four prospective condensations, chemical tests to differentiate terms of a compound, etc. are asked in the chapter. Generally, the hydration of alkynes forms Aldehydes and Ketones. The carboxylic acid can be obtained by the oxidation of primary alcohols or aldehydes. This chapter is very important for your board exam and requires thorough preparation. You can download NCERT Chemistry Class 12 pdf for the chapter Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic acids. 

Some of the topics that are covered in the chapter Aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acid are as follows: 

• Preparation- You have to learn the preparation of aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids. 

• The chemical and physical properties of all three are important and must be learned. The physical and chemical properties of carboxylic acids are the most important. 

• Nomenclature.

• Carbonyl group nature.

• Acidic nature of carboxylic acid- Practice and solve all the exercise questions and be thorough with each topic. Prepare properly and do not rush or skip any chapter.

Students can also download the following additional study material for their preparation.

• Chapter 12 : Important Questions

• Chapter 12 : Revision Notes

• Chapter 12 : NCERT Exemplar Solutions

• Chapter 12 : NCERT Books

Chemistry Class 12 Chapter 13 and 14 Amines and Biomolecules

The amines section covers organic compounds in hormones, proteins, alkaloids, vitamins, etc. The solutions to questions like IUPAC names of amine, identifying the primary, secondary and tertiary amine, etc. are provided.

The Biomolecules section covers critical topics like monosaccharides, the hydrolysis product of sucrose and lactose, differentiating starch from cellulose and secondary proteins.

The chapter Amines is the 13th chapter and the topics which must be covered in this chapter are as follows:

• The structure of the amines must be learned and practised.

• Preparations of the amines are very important and you must learn them.

• Physical and chemical properties of amines. 

• Uses.

• Primary, secondary, and tertiary amines.

The chapter Biomolecules is the 14th chapter and its topics: 

• Carbohydrates- classification, structure, etc.

• Proteins- classification, structure, etc.

• Nucleic acids- DNA and RNA.

Students can also download the following additional study material for their preparation. 

• Chapter 13 : Important Questions

• Chapter 13 : Revision Notes

• Chapter 13 : NCERT Exemplar Solutions

• Chapter 13 : NCERT Books

• Chapter 14 : Important Questions

• Chapter 14 : Revision Notes

• Chapter 14 : NCERT Exemplar Solutions

• Chapter 14 : NCERT Books

Chemistry Class 12 Chapter 15 and 16 Polymers and Chemistry in Everyday Life

There are questions based on polymerization, thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers, names and structure of monomers. At the same time, chemistry in everyday life covers questions like macromolecules chosen as a drug test, broad-spectrum antibiotics, biodegradable and non-biodegradable elements, etc. 

The 15th chapter is Polymer and the topics which are included in this chapter are as follows:

• How polymerization is done and the classification of polymers based on their source and structure. 

• Natural rubber and copolymerization both are important topics and you have to be thorough with them both. 

• You also have to learn the classification of polymers based on their mode polymerizations.

• Important polymers

• Nylon polyesters

• Rubber

• Bakelite

The 16th chapter is Chemistry in everyday life. This is a very important chapter and it is one of the easiest ones. Students can score well with a little bit of practice. Types of chemicals that are used in foods for preserving them, pesticides and insecticides. Learn the role of drugs, enzymes, medicines, etc. You also have to learn the therapeutic action of different drugs. Learn the classification of antimicrobial drugs based on the mode of control and its spectrum of action. Learn the different types of food additives and their uses. The last topic is soaps, you have to learn about the types of soaps, their advantages, disadvantages, and uses. This chapter is theoretical and you can score well in it. Practice and solve all the exercise questions. Students can study from the chemistry class 12 NCERT solutions pdf for better understanding.

Students can also download the following additional study material for their preparation. 

• Chapter 15 : Revision Notes

• Chapter 15 : NCERT Exemplar Solutions

• Chapter 15 : NCERT Books

• Chapter 16 : Important Questions

• Chapter 16 : Revision Notes

• Chapter 16 : NCERT Exemplar Solutions

• Chapter 16 : NCERT Books

CBSE Class 12 Chemistry 2023-24 - Marks Distribution

The CBSE Class 12 Chemistry exam is an important exam for all the students and every student wants to score well in it. Each chapter is allocated with a certain number of marks. Preparing for the Class 12 exam means you have to prepare all the chapters thoroughly. The marks are divided in the following manner:

CBSE Class 12 Chemistry 2023-24 - Important Chapters

Every chapter has some weightage in the examination, so all the chapters are equally important for the exam. But the below chapters are the most important chapters.

1. The Solid State

This chapter explains the important concept of solid-state, crystalline and amorphous solids, and imperfections in solids. It discusses the unit cell in detail and then builds up to explain the solid state.

2. Solutions

The chapter Solutions is very important as it will develop an understanding of solutions, types of solutions, and their properties. Other important concepts like Raoult’s law, the vapour pressure of liquid solutions, the concentration of solutions, abnormal molar masses, and colligative properties are included in this chapter. 

3. Electro Chemistry

This chapter deals with the electrochemical cell. Important concepts such as the galvanic cell, the electrolytic cell, the standard potential of the cell, Gibbs energy of cell reaction, and the relation with the equilibrium constant are explained in detail. The Kohlrausch Law and its applications are also included in Electrochemistry.

4. The p Block Elements

The p Block Elements chapter explains the details of the Group 15 elements. Important information such as oxides of Nitrogen and allotropes of Phosphorus are given in detail in this chapter. Students will also learn about Group 16 elements, simple oxides, allotropes of sulphur, chlorine, and other elements.

5. The d and f Block Elements

The chapter discusses d block elements and their properties, coloured ions and complex compounds, variation in sizes of elements, ionisation enthalpies, magnetic properties, and oxidation states. 

6. Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

In this chapter, the IUPAC nomenclature of Haloalkanes and Haloarenes, the applications of organometallic reactions, preparation of haloalkanes and haloarenes, and stereochemistry, and design of the reaction mechanism are explained in detail.

7. Alcohols Phenols and Ethers

This chapter explains the IUPAC nomenclature, properties and preparation of alcohols, phenols and ethers. 

CBSE Class 12 Chemistry NCERT Solutions 2023-24 - Benefits of NCERT Solutions

By practising from the Class 12 NCERT Solutions, students are benefited in the following ways:

• Solutions are prepared under expert supervision.

• Easily accessible and downloadable.

• Elaborate chapters explained with diagrams and illustrations.

Chemistry requires a thorough understanding of concepts as it is crucial for board exams as well as other competitive exams. However, preparing a subject without proper study materials and solutions can be difficult. Therefore, referring to NCERT solutions for chemistry or practising from these materials will help students secure good grades.

CBSE Class 12 Chemistry NCERT Solutions 2023-24 - Study With Vedantu 

CBSE Class 12 exams and marks are a life-changing aspect for any student. Hence, it is important that you put your best foot forward. The syllabus for CBSE Class 12 is pretty vast and needs to be covered end-to-end. To ensure you have a firm grasp of the concepts and are able to solve problems related to the topics, Vedantu offers reliable and unparalleled NCERT Solutions for CBSE Class 12 students. You will not only be able to complete the NCERT Class 12 Syllabus on time with Vedantu but also revise each chapter accordingly to score excellent marks in the term wise exams. Download the PDFs of NCERT Class 12 Solutions for free and learn from the best study materials created by our subject experts as per the latest syllabus and pattern required.

Along with this, students can also download additional study materials provided by Vedantu, for CBSE Class 12 Chemistry –

• Class 12: Important Questions

• Class 12: Revision Notes

• Class 12: NCERT Exemplar Solutions